1. Which process results in offspring that are genetically unique? (Points: 3)
sexual reproduction

cell differentiation

mitosis

cytokinesis

2. How are the chemical equations of photosynthesis and cellular respiration similar or different? (Points: 3)
The two equations are identical.

The two equations are opposites of each other.

The chemicals involved in each process are different.

Glucose is the starting molecule for both processes.

3. Which process takes place in meiosis but not in mitosis? (Points: 3)
metaphase
spindle fiber formation
crossing-over
cell division

4. A farmer plants soybean seeds in a field and the soybean seeds sprout. When the first leaves of the soybean plants emerge, photosynthesis begins. Which chemical substance serves as food for the soybean plants? (Points: 3)
water
glucose
DNA
sunlight

5. A soybean plant uses cellular respiration to generate usable chemical energy, released from the cell as molecules of what substance? (Points: 3)
glucose

chlorophyll

carbon dioxide

ATP

6. The production of egg and sperm cells follows a certain sequence of events. Which of the following lists those events in the correct order? (Points: 3)
sexual reproduction, cell differentiation, mitosis
cell differentiation, meiosis, sexual reproduction
fertilization, meiosis, cell differentiation
meiosis, cell differentiation, mature gametes

7. Which statement is true about chromosomes? (Points: 3)
They are not involved in mitosis.

They are made of lipids and carbohydrates.

They are made up of DNA wrapped around proteins.

They are made during meiosis.

8. Scorpions are born live, two at a time, and they immediately crawl onto the mother’s back for protection and care. They remain there for 2 weeks as they grow big enough to take care of themselves. As baby scorpions grow larger, which process occurs in their body cells? (Points: 3)
Cells divide by mitosis.
Meiosis produces all of the new body cells.
Meiosis splits the chromosome numbers by four.
Mitosis separates one cell into four cells.

9. Scorpions are born with fully developed bodies that have many special parts, such as the stinger on a scorpion’s tail. Which process enables a scorpion zygote to develop into cells that ultimately form different body parts? (Points: 3)
cell breakdown

meiosis

reproduction

cell differentiation

10. The skin cells of a scorpion organize together to form a hard, protective covering. Which term refers to a group of similar cells working together to perform a certain function? (Points: 3)
organism

system

tissue

organ

11. How does the number of chromosomes in a female scorpion’s egg cells compare with the number of chromosomes in her body cells? (Points: 3)
The egg cells have half as many chromosomes as the body cells.
The number of chromosomes in egg and body cells depends on the size of the scorpion.
The egg cells have the same number of chromosomes as body cells.
The body cells have half as many chromosomes as the egg cells.

12. A scorpion’s cells undergo cellular respiration, just as a human’s cells do. During cellular respiration, which process takes place? (Points: 3)
Carbon dioxide and glucose are produced.
Carbon dioxide and water are used.
Glucose and oxygen are released.
Oxygen is used and ATP is produced.

13. Which compound is released by photosynthesis and is used in cellular respiration? (Points: 3)
water

carbon dioxide

ATP

oxygen

14. In a cell that is undergoing mitosis, what first happens to the chromosomes after the nuclear envelope breaks down? (Points: 3)
They line up at the equator of the cell.
They replicate to make a new copy of DNA.
They are moved to either pole of the cell.
They pair up as homologous chromosomes.

15. Which sentence best describes a gene? (Points: 3)
A gene is a complete protein.
A gene is a part of the cell membrane.
A gene is a segment of a DNA strand.
A gene is a segment of a protein.

16. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are often described in two ways: (1) they are chemically opposite; and (2) they have a relationship to each other. Explain what these two statements mean. Be sure to include the specific substances used and released by each process. (Points: 5)

17. Your skin is constantly producing new cells through cell division. How does this ha